Weight Loss in People Living With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Following Treatment With Cagrilintide

Key Inclusion Criteria: * Informed consent obtained before any study-related activities. Study-related activities are any procedures that are carried out as part of the study, including activities to determine suitability for the study. * Female or male (sex at birth). * Age 18 years or above at the time of signing the informed consent. * History of at least one self-reported unsuccessful dietary effort to lose body weight.(a\*) * Body mass index (BMI) \>= 27.0 kilogram per square meter (kg/m\^2).(a\*) * Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes \>= 180 days before screening. * Treatment with either lifestyle intervention(a\*), or: * Stable treatment (same drug(s), dose and dosing frequency) for at least 90 days before screening with 1-3 marketed oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI), glinides, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), thiazolidinediones, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) or sulphonylureas (SU) as a single agent or in combination according to local practice.(a\*) * For up to 30% of participants the following concomitant medication is allowed: * Treatment for any indication with a stable dose of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) containing medication, stable for at least 1 year before screening (a\*) and/or * Treatment with basal insulin minimum (0.25 units per kilogram per day (U/kg/day) or 20 units per day \[U/day\]) stable for at least 90 days before screening.(a\*) Key Exclusion Criteria: * Treatment, or intention to initiate treatment, with any medication prescribed for the indication of weight management within 180 days before screening.(a\*) * Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) or GLP-1 containing medication within 180 days before screening, apart from those randomized according to inclusion criteria 7bi.(a\*) * Previous dosing of marketed or non-marketed amylin-based compounds.(a\*) (a\*) - As declared by the participant, reported in the medical records or at the investigator's discretion.